1. 2002;5;40-48Comparison of Psychological Status of Chronic Pain Patients and the General Population
   
   Laxmaiah Manchikanti, MD, Bert Fellows, MA, Vidyasagar Pampati, MSc, Carla Beyer, RN, Kim Damron, RN, and Renee C. Barnhill, RN.

This study was designed to evaluate the psychological status of 50 individuals without chronic pain and without psychotherapeutic drug therapy, Group I, the control group; and Group II, a chronic pain group with 100 chronic pain patients. All the participants were tested utilizing Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III). Results were analyzed and compared for various clinical personality patterns, including personality traits and personality disorders; severe personality pathology for schizotypal, borderline and paranoid personality pathology; and multiple clinical syndromes, including generalized anxiety disorder, somatization disorder, major depression, bipolar manic disorder and dysthymic disorder, etc.

There were no significant differences noted in clinical personality patterns or severe personality pathology. In the analysis of clinical syndromes, generalized anxiety disor der (40% vs 14%), somatization disorder (26% vs 0%), and major depression (22% vs 4%) were seen in a greater proportion of patients in the chronic pain group. The prevalence of psychological disorders in the control group was 24%, compared to 55% in chronic pain group.

In conclusion, this evaluation showed that clinical personality patterns are present in both groups of patients. Psychological abnormalities such as generalized anxiety disorder, somatization disorder, and major depression are commonly seen in chronic pain patients.

Keywords: Chronic pain, psychological evaluation, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, somatization disorder, personality disorders, Millon Clinical Multiaxial In-ventory-III